The Cosmic Scale

How large is the universe? Where does it begin and end? How does it expand? These are some of the biggest questions of astronomy- and while humanity is so small that we may never be able to fully understand the universe's true scale, advancements in technology are helping us to look ever-deeper into space, towards the edge of our observable universe known as the Cosmic Horizon. Today, we will get to know our universe, its laws, and its awe-inspiring scale above all.

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https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkoaIad9k4NIlsG6g-almaZH6MzR_T5eV

Thumbnail made by Wimptastic: https://twitter.com/Wimptastical
Captions by Kino Sen: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCM-pNqfHVKFshOI2oI6-MTA

MUSIC:
Special thanks to Lombus, who allowed me to use his song Doppler Shores in the title screen:
- Source: https://lombus.bandcamp.com/track/doppler-shores

Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- The Theatrical Poster...: http://chriszabriskie.com/vendaface/
- Unfoldment, Revealment... http://chriszabriskie.com/reappear/
- Cylinder Five: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
- Take Off and Shoot a Zero: http://chriszabriskie.com/stuntisland/
- Oxygen Garden: http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Other songs are from the YouTube Audio Library:
- Landing | Godmode
- Tundras | Amulets
- Dolphin-esque | Godmode
- Space Chatter | Doug Maxwell
- Traversing | Godmode
- At The Precipice of a Dying Light | Dan Bodan

FOOTAGE:
The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:
http://spaceengine.org/
SpaceEngine on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/314650/SpaceEngine/

Stock footage provided by Videezy.com

VIDEO CLIPS:
- NASA Redshift Animations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnSVBLXaoO8&t
- Dark Energy Expansion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PGVJgP-YWI
- Zooming into the Ultra Deep Field: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le3ASDvZy_s
- Virtual Clips of Hubble Repair: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoqD-6Z8iKQ
- Final Servicing Mission: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGFfq4gAwQw
- Observable Universe Growing ESA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F353xaKnQ2I
- ESO Type 1a supernova https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1Wl_UtTEj0
- Redshift Expansion [Creative Commons]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLAPTNu2A_s
- Expanding Universe Animation [Hubble ESA]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9lkcgu5iwM

IMAGES:
- Observable Universe Logarithmic Illustration: https://fb.me/observableuniverse
- Hubble Images: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html
- Observable Universe Graphic: By Andrew Z. Colvin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13251597
- Accelerated Expansion Diagram: By Design Alex Mittelmann, Coldcreation, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31985853
- Ursa Major: https://thenounproject.com/term/ursa-major/1126831/

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
- Number of Stars in the Universe: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Herschel/How_many_stars_are_there_in_the_Universe
- Einstein and Achievements: https://interestingengineering.com/7-of-albert-einsteins-inventions-that-changed-the-world
- Edwin Hubble's 1929 Discovery: https://www.pnas.org/content/112/11/3173
- The Hubble Deep Field Images: https://esahubble.org/science/deep_fields/
- How Much of the Unobservable Universe will we See Someday: https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/03/05/how-much-of-the-unobservable-universe-will-we-someday-be-able-to-see/?sh=7b6bac43f827
- Some interesting notes on the sphere expanding model: https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/GR/centre.html
- Type 1a Supernovae: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/08/28/type-1a-supernovas-cosmic-candle-mystery/
- Frieman et al., Dark Energy & the Accelerating Universe: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0803.0982.pdf
- Size of the Unobservable Universe [Oxford Physicists]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5476

TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 Introduction
2:23 Defining the Universe
6:51 The Big Bang
9:12 The Observable Universe
10:53 The Hubble Telescope
11:46 The Hubble Deep Field
16:49 Cosmic Expansion
19:40 Redshift
21:48 The Cosmic Horizon and the Unobservable Universe
25:36 Accelerating Expansion
28:29 Dark Energy
30:14 The End of the Universe

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