The Jaw-Dropping Scale of Voids and Supervoids

Supervoids are the enormous, empty spaces between galaxy clusters and galaxy filaments. But just because they are empty, doesn't mean they can't be filled with fascinating science! They have taught us a great deal about both galaxy structures in the early universe, and how they grow in the present. And today we'll be venturing into a few of the biggest!

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Captions by Kino Sen: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCM-pNqfHVKFshOI2oI6-MTA

Music, Footage Credits & Sources of Information:

MUSIC:
- Long Walks [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library
- Fairy Meeting [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library
- A Slow Dream [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library
- Devoid [ELPHNT] - YouTube Audio Library
- Rain Cloud Music [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library

FOOTAGE:
Many scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator! Get SpaceEngine on Steam and try it for yourself: https://store.steampowered.com/app/314650/SpaceEngine/
http://spaceengine.org/

Much of the stock footage in this video was provided by Videezy.com. Check them out:
https://www.videezy.com/

- Expanding Universe Animation [Hubble ESA]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9lkcgu5iwM
- Dark Energy Expansion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PGVJgP-YWI
- NASA Illustris Collaboration Simulation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSivvdIyeG4&t
- Expanding Galaxies:
- Hubble Images: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un5SEJ8MyPc
- Pink Galaxy Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoEVCau7hio - Provided by RoyaltyFreeTube under a Creative Commons License
- Bubble Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FaVQcEjHUc

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
- Redshift Surveys Confirming Voids: https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0106498.pdf
- Bootes Void Articles: https://web.archive.org/web/20071119011039/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1511/is_n8_v16/ai_17253874
https://web.archive.org/web/20110807132705/http://www.acceleratingfuture.com/michael/blog/2006/04/the-bootes-void/
- How Large is the Local Group: https://www.universetoday.com/30286/local-group/
- Dark Matter's Adbsence in Voids: https://www.universetoday.com/16927/dark-matter-is-missing-from-cosmic-voids/
- Atomic Density of Intergalactic Space: https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/how-many-molecules-atoms-are-there-in-each-cubic-metre.html
- Identification of the KBC Void: https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.2884
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/06/07/were-way-below-average-astronomers-say-milky-way-resides-in-a-great-cosmic-void/#34ee822f6d05
- The CMB Cold Spot Supervoid Study [2015]: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/450/1/288/994945

TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 Emptiness in Space
2:04 Defining a Void
3:52 Mapping Voids Around Us
4:38 How Voids Form
7:05 The Bootes Void
9:16 Voids and Dark Energy
10:33 The Cold Spot
12:10 The KBC Void